Funhouse Mirrors Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason Essay

Tim Bartlett ENG 396 March 23, 2011 Funhouse Mirrors: Jane Eyre and Bertha Mason â€Å"Jane Eyre† is a book centred around female duality. In a time when females were still expected to fulfill their â€Å"womanly duties,† Charlotte Bronte wrote a novel dealing with a woman’s view on morality sexuality, passion sensibility, and conformity insanity, among other themes. This motif of duality plays a strong part in the dynamism that makes up the book, and is not limited to the themes, but is also used to relate many of the characters to the titular Jane. In â€Å"The Mystery at Thornfield,† Valerie Beattie makes claims that the character Bertha Mason’s insanity is a representation of rebellion toward the limitations of Victorian women. Not only is†¦show more content†¦Although Bertha’s seclusion is a result of her insanity and unacceptable behaviour, Jane’s isolation seems to be the cause of some mental illness, throwing her into a panic attack in the red room wh ere she believes her Uncle Reed’s ghost dwells. It must be noted, though, that Jane is a child at this point in the novel, with an active imagination. Bronte may be making a point then, that children should not be shunned for their inventiveness and imagination, as was so common in her day. However, there is a fine line, and socially acceptable age, that separates a healthy imagination from madness. There is a clear lack of this knowledge in Bertha, whom does not appear to have a firm grip on reality. Madness, however, does not merely deal with concepts of reality in â€Å"Jane Eyre.† Jane has bouts of uncontrollable speech, in which she must say what comes to her mind. Jane first loses control of her tongue in chapter IV, in which she accuses Mrs. Reed of wishing her dead, and later exclaims â€Å"I am not deceitful: if I were, I should say I loved you; but I declare, I do not love you: I dislike you the worst of anybody in the world except John Reed,† and goes on to evaluate the terrible treatment Mrs. Reed has given her, and the lack of love and compassion she has been shown while at Gateshead. In this instance, madness works in Jane’s favour. This temporary bout of mania allows Jane to finally express the

Gender Should Not Be Legal Essay - 1986 Words

â€Å"Learning to be Gendered†: â€Å"What does this even means†? No one wants to be gendered. Every individual works hard for what they earn in their life. It should never matter at all what their sex is or how they look. In today’s world, no one wants to be treated better than the other; everyone wants to be considered equal and have the same opportunity to succeed as the person next to them. In addition; to wanting to feel equal there is a law that states that men and women are equal. Then by issuing this law it is stating that no matter your gender, thing that you do should not be treated differently based on your sex. Everyone can be who they want to be because in the United States of America everyone gender I too similar and should never be judge. Both sexes have their own opinion and ways to do things and this should not cause any problems. There is truly no factual evidence that will show that our gender decides everything and while growing up gender is throne aside and only thing that should be treated different is the individuals character. Thus, there should not be gender difference with clothing, color, jobs, income, and sports because everyone should be every to settle their own fate based on their preference and not others. First of all, many believe that the colors of clothing we wear should not represent our gender. Many individuals like different colors and each color should not be based off of masculine or feminine. To start, many males like to wear darkerShow MoreRelatedGender And Gender Should Not Be Legal Essay1987 Words   |  8 Pagesearn in their life. It should never matter what their they look like or what their individual sex is or how they look. In today’s world, no one wants to be treated better than the other; everyone wants to be considered equal and have the same opportunity to succeed as the person next to them. In addition; to wanting to feel equal there is a law that states that men and women are equal. Then by issuing this law it is stating that no matter your gender, thing that you do should not be treated differentlyRead MoreShould Gender Selection Be Legalized in Australia for Non-Medical Reasons?1147 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Should parents have the right to choo se the gender of their future child? Should it be legalised in Australia for non-medical reasons?† Whether gender selection should be legalised in Australia for all parents to have the right to select the gender of their baby or whether it should stay illegal with the exception of issues caused by sex-linked medical diseases creates a discussion. Selections of different conditions which give a variety of different perspectives of gender selection are gatheredRead MoreDiscourse Community Project : Discourse1705 Words   |  7 Pagesauthors are writing about corresponding ideas and discussing their identical goals; the prevalence of gender inequality in the legal profession and the unjust consequences derived from it. Similarly, all five sources intentions are to oppose the standard viewpoint that gender inequality has diminished and provide evidence to support this claim. Their ideas of remedying gender inequality in the legal profession overlap as well as contradict one another. A discourse community is said to be resistantRead MoreIntroduction. Women In The Legal Profession Today Do Not1505 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Women in the legal profession today do not encounter most of the challenges that they were facing 50 years ago. However, gender-based issues still exist that females in the legal profession have to face in today’s world. According to the American Bar Association’s Market Research Department women comprised only 36 percent of legal professionals in the country in April 2016 (Smithey, 2017). The number of women in the legal profession has been growing in last few decades, but evenRead MoreQuestions On Employment Law Questions934 Words   |  4 Pagesby adopting strong anti-harassment policy. This should be clear to the workers and very strict measures being put against those who fall in the case. Periodically, training employees on the impacts of racial segregation is also very essential thus making them aware of the harassments and their impacts. Employers should also make sure they follow and enforce the policies they come up with. The policy should compose the f ollowing; The policy should clearly show the prohibited contacts which are takenRead MoreMarriage Is The Voluntary Union Of One Man And One Woman1662 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions to be able to marry same-sex couples at their discretion, safeguarding religious institutions and their delegates from victorious legal provocation if they refused to marry same-sex couples. This piece of legislation also warranted civil partners to metamorphose their civil partnership into marriage, and permitted transsexual individuals to alter their legal gender without inevitably terminated their existing marriage. The Scottish parliament have legislation in place to permit same-sex marriages;Read MoreGender Equality : A Fundamental Principle Of International Human Rights1229 Words   |  5 PagesGender equality is a basic human right. Yet millions of women around the world continue to experience discrimination. Some laws prohibit women to access housing, land, and property. â€Å"Economic and social discrimination results in fewer and poorer life choices for women, rendering them vulnerable to trafficking† (Women’s Human Rights and Gender Equality). 30% of women globally is affected by gender-based violence. Gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunitiesRead MorePatriarchy And The Liberation Of Women1679 Words   |  7 Pagesdefined as a broad political agenda which implies a commitment to equality between the sexes and a commitment to gender as a focus of concern and to analytic approaches that reflect women’s concrete experiences . Feminists such as Katherine Bartlett define it as ‘a family of different perspectives or frameworks used to analyse the actual, and the desirable relationship between law and gender.’ However, it is not just equality of the sexes being sought by feminists but more specifically, rejection ofRead MoreThe Equality of Marriage1021 Words   |  4 PagesMarriage Equality is legal action on marriage of same-gender couples. On the other hand, did you know that marriage equality has been discriminated and continues to be an issue amongst society all over the world? Many people oppose the issue while others fight to ensure equality. The homosexual community does not have the same access to rightful benefits equal to the way heterosexual couples do. Responsibilities and legal benefits are offered by marriage to protect the couples’ families. MarriageRead MoreThe Judiciary Of England And Wales1247 Words   |  5 Pageslaw jurisdictions. The country faces gender and eth nicity diversity as the major dimension of inclusiveness in the judicial system. Critics have raised general arguments in rationalising judicial diversity as well as the essence of having judicial appointments and procedures adhering to the requirements of equal opportunity laws and equality. Diverse compunctions of the judiciary have higher capacitates of responsiveness to experiences and needs of different legal system subjects. On the other hand

How does Alan Bennett make the audience feel empathy for Doris in A cream Cracker under the Settee Free Essays

A cream cracker under the settee is a dramatic monologue written by Alan Bennett in 1987 for television, as part of his Talking Heads series for the BBC. Doris is in her seventies. This hints at her being old and vulnerable in need of care and assistance. We will write a custom essay sample on How does Alan Bennett make the audience feel empathy for Doris in A cream Cracker under the Settee? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Moreover, she outlines that she does not â€Å"attempt to dust†, this is maybe because she is physically unable or consumed by her thoughts. Zulema says that her â€Å"dustings days are over†. This makes you feel sorry for Doris and deeply empathise with her. She may have a fear of dirt – rupophobia or she may just be an exceptionally sanitary person. Furthermore, Zulema exploits Doris’ old age and feelings by saying she â€Å"doesn’t have the sense she was born with†, this maybe true but it is inconsiderate towards Doris’ feelings. Then again, Zulema does have the right to speak her mind, as she has to put up with Doris’s nagging all week. Doris is never satisfied with Zulema’s housekeeping saying, â€Å"Zulema doesn’t dust, she half-dusts† This emphasises Doris obsession with cleanliness, maybe suggesting that she has OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder). Alternatively, maybe occupying her mind with such things helps her forget the melancholy she feels deep within. However, as we progress through the monologue we learn that Zulema in fact intimidates Doris. Ultimately, making Zulema the more dominating character. She does not hesitate in telling Doris â€Å"I am the only person that stands between you and Stafford House.† In spite of this, Doris is adamant that she will not lose her independence and is sure that she will remain in her own home. Another good example of this is when â€Å"she shoves the duster down the side of the chair†. We can only assume that Doris does this to avoid a lecture or confrontation with Zulema, preventing further distress. Again, we feel empathy for Doris as important issues such as treatment of the aged, growing old and life choices are brought to our attention. Therefore, we can conclude that she sometimes feels unhappy and unsettled in her own home. In the midst of all this, the fact remains Doris is suffering from a â€Å"numby† leg. Alan Bennett deliberately places talk about her leg between pauses so that the audience has time to focus on and consider Doris’s current situation and therefore feel a great deal of compassion for her. These strategic pauses are used constantly throughout the monologue, giving us plenty to sympathise with. Throughout the monologue, the ending of each scene is indication by the simple stage direction â€Å"Go to black†. This maybe connotes a temporal shift or the passing of time. Moreover, before each scene fades to black, Alan Bennett gives the audience something to ponder over and keep in the back of their heads. For the whole of the monologue, Doris speaks to us directly. This enhances her vulnerability, yet she maybe biased, as we only know her point of view and nobody else’s. This leads us to believe that Doris thinks everything revolves around her and she may come across as self-centred or self-obsessed. Then again, we feel great sympathy for Doris as she is isolated, cut off from reality, and maybe unwanted by a society, which considers her as an outsider. The setting changes throughout the monologue, as Doris travels to various parts of her home, nevertheless she remains in the same location. This connotes a very static nature, suggesting that Doris hardly ever goes out and mostly stays in the same room. According to her, â€Å"I never get a bona fide caller†, this tells us the only visitor she probably has is Zulema. We feel great empathy for Doris because she is lonely, lacking a faithful companion. Furthermore, the moving from the comfy position of her settee possibly indicates the movement from a secure and comfy position in life to her current situation. Still, this isolated place is her comfort zone, perhaps signifying that she is more likely to tell the truth as she is under no pressure and can speak of her own free will. Subsequently, she does in fact unravel the truth about various stages in her life. Another clever device Alan Bennett uses to make the audience feel empathy for Doris is humour and Doris certainly has a sense of humour, we realise this when she says, â€Å"Love God and close all gates.† The audience finds it easier to empathise with her because they can laugh with her and not at her. Her dry, sarcastic humour is a hit with audience off all ages. As Doris discusses her husband Wilfred, she talks about him â€Å"getting mad ideas†, stating how absurd they were and how he â€Å"never got round to it†. Yet, according to her, â€Å"A kiddy’d’ve solved all that†. This makes us wonder why Doris does not have a child and whether she has any family at all. We suddenly feel a great deal of compassion for her because her only family, Wilfred, has passed away. Later on, we discover that she did have a baby, which also passed away. â€Å"If it had lived I might have had grandchildren now,† she explains. Our degree of sympathy for Doris expands to greater lengths. Death is certainly one of Alan Bennett says of gaining empathy for his characters. Further on in the monologue we discover that Doris and Wilfred were not very outgoing people. Doris plainly explains, â€Å"We weren’t the gregarious type.† This implies that even when Wilfred was alive, Doris was a secluded, reserved individual. Then she refers to Wilfred, â€Å"he thought he was, but he wasn’t†. This gives us the impression that Wilfred could have been a sociable person except Doris stood in his way as she essentially controlled their relationship. We feel empathy for both characters here since they never really experienced anything amazing in their lives; except for grief and now for Doris, loneliness. This could all change though if Doris decided upon leaving home and moving to Stafford House but apparently â€Å"You go daft there, there’s nowhere else for you to go but daft† according to Doris. Perhaps Doris is against the idea of leaving home because all her memories of Wilfred will remain there or she might just feel afraid and unprepared to face the real world on her own at a late stage in her life. Towards the end of the monologue, Doris hears the voice of a police officer, enquiring as to why her home lights are off. Instead of asking for his help, she lets him leave. It is assumed by the audience that Doris later dies, because she feels the time is right. Also as the conclusions to Bennett’s plays are usually miserable. Her last words are â€Å"Never mind. It’s done with now, anyway.† Then the â€Å"LIGHT FADES†, a sense of desperation and sadness fill the readers heart and mind, no greater empathy can possibly be felt for Doris at this stage. This dramatic and powerful text leaves the audience wondering, hoping. This is without doubt Alan Bennett’s cleverest writing technique! How to cite How does Alan Bennett make the audience feel empathy for Doris in A cream Cracker under the Settee?, Papers

Everyman His Own Historian free essay sample

Carl Becker, author of Everyman His Own Historian, explains in his own words the meaning of history. Becker uses a narrative and facts to support his position. Becker begins by dissecting the textbook definition of history. The definition of history begins as, â€Å"the knowledge of events that have occurred in the past†, and later Becker develops the definition to, â€Å"history is the memory of things said and done. Becker supports his change to the original definition by analyzing the actual words used. For example, Becker replaces knowledge with memory. His argument is that memory is needed in order to recollect knowledge. I agree that theses two aspects work hand in hand. Becker further goes on to analyze the words memory and past in the same format. Becker also uses a short narrative to explain the fact that technically every thing is history as soon as it is done. Substantial history is only made if someone believes that the event or fact is relevant or important and gets others to believe it also as Becker goes on to explain, â€Å"Left to themselves, the facts do not speak; left to themselves they do not exist, not really, since for all practical purposes there is no fact until some one affirms it. We will write a custom essay sample on Everyman His Own Historian or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † I completely agree with Becker’s take on history. History only takes form when others believe what you are saying a pass it on to others as truth. Many facts have been misinterpreted over time but is still believed today as history.

One Hundred Years of Solitude Essay Example

One Hundred Years of Solitude Paper Solitude, whether it be perceived or real, individual or collective, physical or emotional, condemns a race to self-destruction. Time, repetition, magical realism, historical parallel, humor, and fate are all elements that contribute to the effects of e family saga mirrored through the Buendia family. The Buendia familys predisposition towards self-destruction and solitude is highlighted by the cycles of self-inflicted destruction and destitute in the novel One Hundred Years of Solitude. One Hundred Years of Solitude spans six generations, and in each generation the men of the Buendia line are named Jose Arcardio or Aureliano, and the women are named Ursula, Amarata,or Remedio.It is the history of the isolated town of Macondo, focu ng on the lives of the most prominent residents of the town, the Buendia family.Each Buendia has individual qualities and attributes that separate him from the others.Every person is an enigma to everyone else. One Hundred Years of Solitude is an a story w here the past, present, and future merge into one. The story of a family, as oppose to an individual, and their downfall result an entire generations downfall.A historical cycle is lived through a generat n of characters.Time is paralleled with Latin America, especially Colombia, a country whose 20th century history has been dominated by civil wars that are background for everything that Marquez writes.A time were a countries destruction was brought its very own people.(Harras, 149) Magic realism is the technique of transforming the fantastic into reality.A literary form in which odd eerie, and dreamlike tales are related as if events were common place.(Bloom, 6) Magic realism is portrayed through One Hundred Years of Solituwhile its ability to turn unbelievable to believable is demonstrated.Garcia exaggerates events to gain fantasy. We will write a custom essay sample on One Hundred Years of Solitude specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on One Hundred Years of Solitude specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on One Hundred Years of Solitude specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Parkinsons Disease1 essays

Parkinsons Disease1 essays Diseases are sometimes extremely devastating and cruel. Some diseases move very rapidly while others are slow and painful. Treatments are sometimes useful yet other times nothing can stop the silent beasts that lurk in the body. Parkinsons disease is a slow moving disease that slowly corrupts the brain. Parkinsons disease (PD) is a chronic motor disorder that causes tremors, rigidity, slowed body movements, unstable posture and abnormal gait. This happens when neurons, nerve cells, in a part or the brain called the substantial nigra gradually die. These cells normally produce dopamine, a chemical that helps relay messages between areas of the brain that control body movement. The death of the cells leads to abnormal low levels of dopamine, and causes difficulty in controlling muscle tension and muscle movement both at rest and during periods of activity. PD as of now affects about 500,000 Americans, with about 50,000 new cases diagnosed each year. It is generally a disease that affects people of late or middle age at about age 60 however about 5 percent of patients have early-onset PD and are younger than 40 years old when symptoms begin. PD is slightly more common in men then women. So far scientists have not determined the reason why some people develop PD and others do not. Some experts blame a process called oxidation. During oxidation unstable molecules that are produced in the brain as a result of its normal chemical reactions which ultimately damage the brain. Another theory suggests that the effects of toxic affects of drugs may cause PD. Additional evidence suggests that PD may be related to environmental toxins especially because some claim that they have found rates of PD that are higher in rural areas where farming is intense and residents drink well water. So far PD has not been linked to genetic abnormality. PD usually begins as a slight tremor of a h ...

Business & Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business & Employment Law - Essay Example However, and the seller enjoys the right to sell the goods or refuse to do so. This rule was reiterated in Pharmaceutical Society of GB v Boots Cash Chemists.5 From the perspective of the law, an invitation to treat does not constitute a contractual offer. In an invitation to treat, one of the parties invites the other to furnish it with an offer. Thereafter, the former either accepts or rejects the offer so made. On the other hand, in an offer, the mere acceptance by the other party, results in a contract. When the intention is to begin negotiations and not to be bound by the terms of an offer, then an invitation to treat comes into existence. 6 However, in Carlill v Carbolic Smoke Ball Co,7 Carlill developed influenza, despite having carrying out the specified instructions. The court held that the advertisement was an offer of a unilateral contract. 8 In our problem, Poppy’s intention can be deemed as an offer to purchase, in response to the invitation to treat, namely the shop window display of the painting. Bart had rejected Poppy’s offer to buy the painting. Hence, there was no legally binding contract between Poppy and Bart. Consequently, Bart will not be liable for any legal claims raised by Poppy in this regard. Section 2(1) of the UCTA precludes exclusion clauses that attempt to restrict or exclude liability for death or physical injury consequent upon negligence. With regard to other loss or damage, Section 2(2) of the UCTA provides that liability cannot be restricted or excluded for negligence. 9 Section 13 of the Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977 (UCTA) 14 states that goods should be in conformity with their description, whenever the sale is by description. Whenever, the description does not embody a term of the contract, it becomes subject to the test of expectations.15 For an exclusion clause to be effective, its presence in the contract has to be clearly indicated. Moreover, it should be in unambiguous and clear language. Failure to

How Critical is the Critical Period Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

How Critical is the Critical Period - Essay Example Cognitive scientists are finding it important to understand the stages of language development, prior to understanding how humans learn to talk. According to Penfield, there is assistance for language acquisition during childhood which also disappears in adult life, which if based on speech and brain mechanisms, makes it more meaningful to teach foreign language from the first grade on (Singleton & Lengyel, 1995). This was the fundamental view point based on the formulated idea of critical period hypothesis. The critical period hypothesis was popularized by Wilder Penfield and his co-author Lamar Roberts, but Eric Lenneberg promoted it further while relying on the biological foundations of language. Cognitive scientists believe that language and self-awareness are found in the part of the brain, but study also shows that they can also take time to develop with substantial exposure to others (Chomsky, 2003). Therefore, this leads to a growing interest in finding how children acquire and produce language, but one of the most interesting views that will be linked to this consideration is finding the critical period as to when will be that remarkable time for language acquisition. The work at hand tries to establish the point that language is innate in humans and there is a critical period for language acquisition that along the way will be nurtured by the environment and may potentially diminish as the person grows older because of other vital considerations. Language is such a complex tool that humans use for them to interact every day of their lives. However, as observed the young child does not speak the language the way as adult do, but this does not contest the fact that even in their own simple ways, young children are capable of producing a language that is enough for the adults to understand. The very basic of this for instance is shown

Unilever international finance and accounting Essay

Unilever international finance and accounting - Essay Example Unilever, United Kingdom, has just dropped Boursin as one of its business entities.Unilever ia a global business focusing on personal care, food and other consumer products. It has entrenched itself in the home as one of the trusted and reliable but reasonably priced products in the market today.Unilever has always been a staunch follower of all social responsibility laws. The social responsibility laws focus on many issues (Sluyterman 2005, 12).Further, one such issue is the payment of minimum salaries to its workers. Another such issue is the implementation of work conditions where environmental laws are taken into consideration. Another issue of social responsibility it the company's role of uplifting the lives of people in its community, the customers of Unilever and the world as a whole. In this regard, companies like Unilever are required to produce products that are not harmful to the customers and the environment (Dingman 2008). Unilever is an institution today because it had gone through many years of trials and errors with the aim of making profits without sacrificing its social responsibility to the community and other stakeholders. The following paragraphs explain Unilever's important place in the business world in terms of making profits, divestment of segments and its social responsibility.Unilever (United Kingdom) is one of the country units of Unilever world. The company has been producing popular household brands that are needed by homes, offices and work places around the United Kingdom alone. The company is an institution in the field of food, home and personal care products. Unilever (United Kingdom) has under its big belt over thirty five brands that include Cornetto, Bertolli, Cif, and Sunsilk. In the area of highest country revenue, the United Kingdom is next only to the United States. The company has started smoothly the rough working conditions in order to streamline its operations. One such financially correct move was to cut its manag erial positions by half during the year. Reference: www.finance.google.com/financecid=5763516 Further, the company has also innovated its company -wide sales and marketing operational strategy. The company has reduced operating expense in its United Kingdom branch by relocating its three departments to one single location. This financially rewarding move is currently the right time for the company continue its retrenchment of more than three hundred twenty line and staff employees until the year 2009. Its office is located in St. James Road, Kingston -Upon-Thames, KTI 2BA, GBR. Reference: www.finance.google.com/financecid=5763516 Unilever company is a financially stable company. The Income statement of Unilever UK for the year 2006 shows that the company generated in billions of pounds of revenues to the tue of 26,714. This shows a two percent decrease from the prior year revenues. The 2005 revenues generated 27,304.4.This represented a decrease of four percent over the prior year revenues. The 2004 revenues generated only 28,584.1. The 2006 cost of sales amounted to 13,540.3. This shows a four percent decline over the cost of goods sold of the prior year. The prior year cost of goods sold is 14,037.6. This is definitely two percent lower than the prior year cost of sales. The prior year sales amounted to 14,309.8. The company also generated gross profit of 13,173.7 for the year 2006. This is a seven percent decrease from the prior year gross profit. The prior year gross profit only reached of 14,274.4. Also, the gross profit ratio for the year 2006 is high at forty nine percent (13,171.7 /26,714). The gross profit ratio for the year 2005 is lower than the 2006 data at forty eight ;/100 percent (13,266.8 /27,304.4). The gross profit ratio for the year 2004 is high at fifty percent (14,274.43,171.7 /28,584.1). The company's operating income for the year 2006

Employment Law and Human Resources

Employment Law and Human Resources Christopher Serrano Week Two Assignment What do you think are some of the factors in the modern workplace that contribute to a theft of time? How can those factors be managed? Theft time occurs when an employee waste their time, such as taking extended breaks, arriving late, leaving early, unnecessary time and excessive internet usage for non related work. The biggest influences to the theft of time in a deskbound job is the use of internet for non related work purposes. It is very tempting for an employee to waste time when they are in from of a computer browsing online especially checking their social media status. One other major contributing cause to the theft of time is when an employee make their workday taking personal calls to deal with personal situations. Although these forms of theft of time can overlooked from the attention of the employer, there are things that a company can do to prevent employees from stealing time. One of the most effective way to prevent theft of time is to block certain websites, such as social media outlets especially Facebook. When an employees notice that certain websites are block, they are less likely to visit that website again. Companies can also monitor their employees by implementing the use of time and attendance software with the use of biometric scanner that requires employees to check in and check out when they arrive, leave, take breaks, and lunch breaks. The use of biometric and attendance system will warrant that employees scan themselves in and out without the assistance of a co-worker do it for them. 2. What does the word Whistleblower mean (legally speaking)? Give an example of whistleblowing. A whistleblower is a person who reports inside knowledge of illegal act occurring in a business and notifies the government of an unlawful act committed by that company. The Whistleblower Protection Act (WPA) of 1989 was enacted to safeguard workers who report major violations of the law from being discharged or otherwise retaliated against by their employers. To qualify for whistle-blower protection, an employee must provide a written disclosure regarding a violation of state or federal law through (1) mismanagement, (2) abuse of authority, (3) substantial waste of public funds, or (4) danger to public health and/or safety. (Moran, 2013) An example of whistleblowing is when the former CIA contractor Edward Snowden exposed the US Intelligence of collecting millions of internet data and phone records from the Americans. 3. Retaliation has become one of the most often cited reasons for employees filing charges with the EEOC against their employers. Please define retaliation in the legal, employment sense and explain when it is illegal. What can an employee do when they feel they have been retaliated against and for what reasons does retaliation rise to the level of an EEOC lawsuit? Retaliation is when an employee retaliates against its former employer for harassment and discrimation. If an employee feel that theyve been retaliated against, they can file a claim with Employment Equal Opportunity Commission for wrongful discharged. Although, here are several factors before filing a lawsuit which includes the seriousness of the violation, the type of legal issues in the case and the wider impact the lawsuit (EEOC.Gov). 4. During the course of a day, employee Jennifer Anniestown (an accountant) constantly opens and updates her Facebook account on her iPad, checks on her lottery ticket numbers, calls and talks to her mother for 30 minutes, her children for 10 minutes (she makes sure they get home safely every day) and her husband every afternoon for 15 minutes to see if he or she is making dinner that night. Her employer, Billybob Thornblower listens to each of her phone calls to make sure that she isnt talking to his wife, one of her good friends, about his actions at work. (He is always hitting on the salesgirls, in a good-natured way.) Billybob ends up being fired for sexual harassment when one of the salesgirls complains. Jennifers new boss, Tracy, notices that Jennifer is doing a ton of personal work during company time. There is no written policy about this issue at the company. To date, Jennifers work is exemplary. She always has everything done in a timely manner and her books balance at the end of every day. What should Tracy do about this situation? Tracy should warn Jennifer of this behavior before reporting her to Human Resources. Even though Jennifer is very good at what she does and can get her assigned task done in a timely manner, Tracy should tell her that she is committing theft of time and wasting companys money by taking care of personal matters during companys time. If this behavior continues, Tracy should sit down with her and write her up for performance improvement review to give her one more chance before terminating her employment. 5. Last month, Steven Smith was hired as the secretary for lawyer Wayne Wright, who has a drinking problem. Waynes last secretary quit when Wayne tried to get her to go out with him on a date. So far, Steven and Wayne have gotten along peachy. Steven is subpoenaed to testify in the harassment lawsuit of Waynes former secretary, and says (under oath) that Wayne has treated him great, but that Wayne also admitted he had asked the secretary out on dates regularly and grabbed her inappropriately. Steven is telling the truth. A few weeks later, Wayne and his firm lose the harassment case and have to pay the prior secretary back pay and reinstate her to her job as part of the damages in the case. The firm terminates Steven so that they can put the old secretary back in her job. Steven asks you what you think he should do. What do you say? As an advisor to Steven, I would advise him not to retaliate because as part of the court order, Waynes firm have to reinstate the former secretary back in her job. I would also remind him that he was an at-will employee therefore his former employer doesnt require to give him reason as to why they let him go. Lastly, I will tell Steven to reach out to Waynes office and ask if he can use them as a reference and ask for recommendation for future employment opportunity since he had a good relationship with Wayne. References: Moran, John J. Employment Law, 6th Edition. Pearson Learning Solutions, 01/2013.  VitalBook file. Filing a Lawsuit. (n.d.). Retrieved, from https://www.eeoc.gov/employees/lawsuit.cfm

Are sports stars grossly overpaid? :: essays research papers

Sport has always entertained and influenced our lives. It creates dreams for children and goals for adults. However, many fans are oblivious to the millions they pocket each year. It is without doubt that our sports stars are grossly overpaid. Their annual earnings exceed those we make in a lifetime, even when compared to highly qualified professions. Despite the money factor, we sometimes question the values that are emphasized. Sports stars earn substantial incomes compared to an average Australian worker. The official benchmark of average Australian earnings is just above AUS$50,000. However, compared to Layton Hewitt, who receives millions in endorsements and prize money each year, this figure is diminutive. Another example is Venus Williams, 20, is the highest-paid woman athlete in the world. She has a contract with sportswear manufacturer Reebok International Inc. that pays her $40 million over five years. This may seem as a step forward for womankind but others view it as a business deal for more money than one will ever need. The disparity between hard working citizens and sporting legends leads us to question their contribution to society. Many ‘heroes’ are created and mostly because of sporting prowess. Yet, there are some things that are more significant that Olympic glory, contract negotiations and the score of the game. Professions that benefit mankind do not receive nearly as much attention or money but remain essential to society. Through a different perspective, it is becomes obvious that doctors and teachers are in fact underpaid. People who can hit or kick a ball are idolised while others who save lives struggle to gain recognition. What values are we teaching? Or more importantly, not teaching? Sports stars exhibit their talent through winning and rank. However, through success many values are taught. Values such as personal responsibility, integrity and respect for one’s self and others are replaced with greed, selfishness and ‘I win-you lose’ mentality. It is sad to think that sport and brilliant sport stars will become emblems of greed and selfishness.

Customer Service Careers Essay

What does Customer Service mean to you? Is it simply taking care of your daily customers’ needs? What about the concept that your employees are also your customers? Does that change your outlook on the idea of customer service? This essay will explain the internal customer concepts of human relations. Human relations, in definition, are â€Å"the skill or ability to work effectively through and with other people†. (Lamberton, p.4) As a manager, you need to understand the needs and wants of your employees. You should have an effective training program that is set up with clear guidelines and expectations. Providing feedback during the training and throughout employment is crucial. This allows for open communication between management and employees. Future goals can be discussed and additional training available to aid them on those journeys. Areas of improvement can also be discussed without singling out the negative. Read more:  Customer Service in Leisure and Recreation In human relations it is very important to know the values instilled by the company. It is also important to help the employees â€Å"understand and accept the values of others without compromising their personal integrity†. (Lamberton, p.114) Communication and compromise are vital in any organization. It is not necessary to disregard your values for someone else’s, merely understanding where they are coming from and finding common ground to build on. You’re job in human relations is help bridge those gaps and assist in dealing with those conflicts. â€Å"Something powerful happens when people see themselves as part of healthy, functional community and have a positive experience of that.† (Everett, p.78) Positive attitudes, job satisfaction, high morale, and positive reinforcements are just a few examples of ways to succeed. Involving employees in decisions and setting realistic goals will help to improve  motivation as well. Employees need to feel that they matter as individuals, not just a part of the company. Managers are crucial in developing mutual respect, self-esteem, and solving conflicts. The better your communication skills are the more likely you are to be successful. Also, being able to maintain a positive attitude increases the morale of your internal customers, or employees. References Everett, Melissa (2007) Making a Living While Making a Difference: Conscious Careers for an Era of Interdependence Lamberton, Lowell, Minor, Leslie (2010) Human Relations: Strategies for success

Major General Abner Doubleday in the Civil War

Major General Abner Doubleday in the Civil War Born at Ballston Spa, NY on June 26, 1819, Abner Doubleday was the son of Representative Ulysses F. Doubleday and his wife, Hester Donnelly Doubleday. Raised in Auburn, NY, Doubleday came from a strong military tradition as his father had fought in the War of 1812 and his grandfathers had served during the American Revolution. Educated locally in his early years, he was later sent to live with an uncle in Cooperstown, NY so that he could attend a private preparatory school (Cooperstown Classical and Military Academy). While there, Doubleday received training as a surveyor and civil engineer. Throughout his youth, he expressed interests in reading, poetry, art, and mathematics. After two years of private practice, Doubleday received an appointment to the US Military Academy at West Point. Arriving in 1838, his classmates included John Newton, William Rosecrans, John Pope, Daniel H. Hill, George Sykes, James Longstreet, and Lafayette McLaws. Though regarded as a â€Å"diligent and thoughtful student, Doubleday proved an average scholar and he graduated in 1842 ranked 24th in a class of 56. Assigned to the 3rd US Artillery, Doubleday initially served at Fort Johnson (North Carolina) before moving through several assignments in coastal fortifications. Mexican-American War With the outbreak of the Mexican-American War in 1846, Doubleday received a transfer west to the 1st US Artillery. Part of Major General Zachary Taylors army in Texas, his unit commenced preparing for the invasion of northeastern Mexico. Doubleday soon marched south and saw action at the hard-fought Battle of Monterrey. Remaining with Taylor the following year, he served at Rinconada Pass during the Battle of Buena Vista. On March 3, 1847, shortly after the battle, Doubleday was promoted to first lieutenant. Returning home, Doubleday married Mary Hewitt of Baltimore in 1852. Two years later, he was ordered to the frontier for service against the Apaches. He completed this assignment in 1855 and received a promotion to captain. Dispatched south, Doubleday served in Florida during the Third Seminole War from 1856-1858 and also helped to map the Everglades as well as modern Miami and Fort Lauderdale. Charleston Fort Sumter In 1858, Doubleday was posted to Fort Moultrie in Charleston, SC. There he endured the growing sectional strife that marked the years immediately before the Civil War and commented, â€Å"Almost every public assemblage was tinctured with treasonable sentiments and toasts against the flag were always warmly applauded.† Doubleday remained at Fort Moultrie until Major Robert Anderson withdrew the garrison to Fort Sumter after South Carolina seceded from the Union in December 1860. On the morning of April 12, 1861, Confederate forces in Charleston opened fire on Fort Sumter. Within the fort, Anderson selected Doubleday to fire the first shot of the Union response. Following the forts surrender, Doubleday returned north and was quickly promoted to major on May 14, 1861. With this came an assignment to the 17th Infantry in Major General Robert Pattersons command in the Shenandoah Valley. In August, he was transferred to Washington where he commanded batteries along the Potomac. On February 3, 1862, he was promoted to brigadier general and placed in command of the Washington defenses. Second Manassas With the formation of Major General John Popes Army of Virginia in the summer of 1862, Doubleday received his first combat command. Leading the 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, III Corps, Doubleday played a key role at Brawners Farm during the opening actions of the Second Battle of Bull Run. Though his men were routed the next day, they rallied to cover the retreat of the Union army on August 30, 1862. Transferred to the I Corps, Army of the Potomac with the rest of Brigadier General John P. Hatchs division, Doubleday next saw action at the Battle of South Mountain on September 14. Army of the Potomac When Hatch was wounded, Doubleday took command of the division. Retaining command of the division, he led them at the Battle of Antietam three days later. Fighting in the West Woods and Cornfield, Doubledays men held the right flank of the Union army. Recognized for his superior performance at Antietam, Doubleday was brevetted to lieutenant colonel in the Regular Army. On November 29, 1862, he was promoted to major general. At the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, Doubledays division was held in reserve and avoided taking part in the Union defeat. In the winter of 1863, I Corps was reorganized and Doubleday was shifted to command the 3rd Division. He served in this role at the Battle of Chancellorsville that May, but his men saw little action. As Lees army moved north in June, Major General John Reynolds’ I Corps led the pursuit. Arriving in Gettysburg on July 1, Reynolds moved to deploy his men in support of Brigadier General John Bufords cavalry. While directing his men, Reynolds was shot and killed. Command of the corps devolved on Doubleday. Racing forward, he completed the deployment and guided the corps through the opening stages of the battle. Gettysburg Positioned northwest of the town, Doubledays men were badly outnumbered by the approaching Confederate army. Fighting valiantly, I Corps held their position for five hours and was only forced to retreat after XI Corps collapsed on their right. Outnumbered 16,000 to 9,500, Doubledays men inflicted 35-60% casualties on seven of the ten Confederate brigades that attacked them. Falling back to Cemetery Hill, the remains of I Corps held their position for the remainder of the battle. On July 2, the commander of the Army of the Potomac, Major General George Meade, replaced Doubleday as commander of I Corps with the more junior Newton. This was largely the result of a false report submitted by the XI Corps commander, Major General Oliver O. Howard, stating that I Corps broke first. It was fostered by a long-running dislike of Doubleday, whom he believed indecisive, which went back to South Mountain. Returning to his division, Doubleday was wounded in the neck later in the day. After the battle, Doubleday officially requested that he be given command of I Corps. When Meade refused, Doubleday departed the army and rode to Washington. Assigned to administrative duties in the city, Doubleday served on courts martial and commanded part of the defenses when Lieutenant General Jubal Early threatened to attack in 1864. While in Washington, Doubleday testified before Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War and criticized Meades conduct at Gettysburg. With the end of hostilities in 1865, Doubleday remained in the army and reverted to his regular rank of lieutenant colonel on August 24, 1865. Promoted to colonel in September 1867, he was given command of the 35th Infantry. Later Life Posted to San Francisco in 1869, to head the recruiting service, he obtained a patent for a cable car railway system and opened the citys first cable car company. In 1871, Doubleday was given command of the African-American 24th Infantry in Texas. After commanding the regiment for two years, he retired from the service. Settling in Mendham, NJ, he became involved with Helena Blavatsky and Henry Steel Olcott. The founders of the Theosophical Society, they converted Doubleday to the tenets of Theosophy and Spiritualism. When the pair moved to India to continue their studies, Doubleday was named the president of the American chapter. He continued to live in Mendham until his death on January 26, 1893. Doubledays name is most commonly known due to its association with the origins of baseball. While the 1907 Mills Commission Report states that the game was invented by Doubleday at Cooperstown, NY in 1839, subsequent scholarship has proven this unlikely. Despite this, Doubledays name remains deeply linked to the games history.

Feature Extraction And Classification Information Technology Essays

Feature Extraction And Classification Information Technology Essays Feature Extraction And Classification Information Technology Essay Feature Extraction And Classification Information Technology Essay Any given remote feeling image can be decomposed into several characteristics. The term characteristic refers to remote feeling scene objects ( e.g. flora types, urban stuffs, etc ) with similar features ( whether they are spectral, spacial or otherwise ) . Therefore, the chief aim of a feature extraction technique is to accurately recover these characteristics. The term Feature Extraction can therefore be taken to embrace a really wide scope of techniques and procedures, runing from simple ordinal / interval measurings derived from single sets ( such as thermic temperature ) to the coevals, update and care of distinct characteristic objects ( such as edifices or roads ) . The definition can besides be taken to embrace manual and semi-automated ( or assisted ) vector characteristic gaining control nevertheless Feature Collection is the subject of a separate White Paper non discussed farther here. Similarly, derivation of height information from stereo or interferometric techniques could be considered feature extraction but is discussed elsewhere. What follows is a treatment of the scope and pertinence of characteristic extraction techniques available within Leica Geosystems Geospatial Imaging s suite of distant feeling package applications. Derived Information Figure 1: Unsupervised Categorization of the Landsat informations on the left and manual killing produced the land screen categorization shown on the : To many analysts, even ordinal or interval measurings derived straight from the DN values of imagination represent characteristic extraction. ERDAS IMAGINEAÂ ® and ERDAS ERM Pro provide legion techniques of this nature, including ( but non limited to ) : The direct standardization of the DN values of the thermic sets of orbiter and airborne detectors to deduce merchandises such as Sea Surface Temperature ( SST ) and Mean Monthly SST. One of the most widely known derived characteristic types is flora wellness through the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ( NDVI ) , where the ruddy and near-infrared ( NIR ) wavelength sets are ratioed to bring forth a uninterrupted interval measuring taken to stand for the proportion of flora / biomass in each pel or the health/vigor of a peculiar flora type. Other types of characteristics can besides be derived utilizing indices, such as clay and mineral composing. Chief Component Analysis ( PCA Jia and Richards, 1999 ) and Minimum Noise Fraction ( MNF Green et al. , 1988 ) are two widely employed characteristic extraction techniques in distant detection. These techniques aim to de-correlate the spectral sets to retrieve the original characteristics. In other words, these techniques perform additive transmutation of the spectral sets such that the resulting constituents are uncorrelated. With these techniques, the characteristic being extracted is more abstract for illustration, the first chief constituent is by and large held to stand for the high frequence information nowadays in the scene, instead than stand foring a specific land usage or screen type. The Independent Component Analysis ( ICA ) based feature extraction technique performs a additive transmutation to obtain the independent constituents ( ICs ) . A direct deduction of this is that each constituent will incorporate information matching to a specific characteristic. Equally good as being used as stand-alone characteristic extraction techniques, many are besides used as inputs for the techniques discussed below. This can take one of two signifiers for high dimensionality informations ( hyperspectral imagination, etc ) , the techniques can minimise the noise and the dimensionality of the information ( in order to advance more efficient and accurate processing ) , whereas for low dimensionality informations ( grayscale informations, RGB imagination, etc. ) they can be used to deduce extra beds ( NDVI, texture steps, higher-order Principal Components, etc ) . The extra beds are so input with the beginning image in a categorization / characteristic extraction procedure to supply end product that is more accurate. Other techniques aimed at deducing information from raster informations can besides be thought of as characteristic extraction. For illustration, Intervisibility/Line Of Site ( LOS ) computations from Digital Elevation Models ( DEMs ) represent th e extraction of a what can I see characteristic. Similarly, tools like the IMAGINE Modeler Maker enable clients to develop usage techniques for characteristic extraction in the broader context of geospatial analysis, such as where is the best location for my mill or where are the locations of important alteration in land screen. Such derived characteristic information are besides campaigners for input to some of the more advanced characteristic extraction techniques discussed below, such as supplying accessory information beds to object-based characteristic extraction attacks. Supervised Categorization Multispectral categorization is the procedure of screening pels into a finite figure of single categories, or classs of informations, based on their informations file values. If a pel satisfies a certain set of standards, the pel is assigned to the category that corresponds to those standards. Depending on the type of information you want to pull out from the original informations, categories may be associated with known characteristics on the land or may merely stand for countries that look different to the computing machine. An illustration of a classified image is a land screen map, demoing flora, bare land, grazing land, urban, etc. To sort, statistics are derived from the spectral features of all pels in an image. Then, the pels are sorted based on mathematical standards. The categorization procedure interrupt down into two parts: preparation and classifying ( utilizing a determination regulation ) . First, the computing machine system must be trained to acknowledge forms in the information. Training is the procedure of specifying the standards by which these forms are recognized. Training can be performed with either a supervised or an unsupervised method, as explained below. Supervised preparation is closely controlled by the analyst. In this procedure, you select pels that represent forms or set down screen characteristics that you recognize, or that you can place with aid from other beginnings, such as aerial exposures, land truth informations or maps. Knowledge of the information, and of the categories desired, is hence needed before categorization. By placing these forms, you can teach the computing machine system to place pels with similar features. The pels identified by the preparation samples are analyzed statistically to organize what are referred to as signatures. After the signatures are defined, the pels of the image are sorted into categories based on the signatures by usage of a categorization determination regulation. The determination regulation is a mathematical algorithm that, utilizing informations contained in the signature, performs the existent sorting of pels into distinguishable category values. If the categorization is accurate, the ensuing categories represent the classs within the informations that you originally identified with the preparation samples. Supervised Categorization can be used as a term to mention to a broad assortment of feature extraction attacks ; nevertheless, it is traditionally used to place the usage of specific determination regulations such as Maximum Likelihood, Minimum Distance and Mahalonobis Distance. Unsupervised Categorization Unsupervised preparation is more computer-automated. It enables you to stipulate some parametric quantities that the computing machine uses to bring out statistical forms that are built-in in the information. These forms do non needfully correspond to straight meaningful features of the scene, such as immediate, easy recognized countries of a peculiar dirt type or land usage. The forms are merely bunchs of pels with similar spectral features. In some instances, it may be more of import to place groups of pels with similar spectral features than it is to screen pels into recognizable classs. Unsupervised preparation is dependent upon the informations itself for the definition of categories. This method is normally used when less is known about the informations before categorization. It is so the analyst s duty, after categorization, to attach significance to the resulting categories. Unsupervised categorization is utile merely if the categories can be suitably interpreted. ERDAS IMAGI NE provides several tools to help in this procedure, the most advanced being the Grouping Tool. The Unsupervised attack does hold its advantages. Since there is no trust on user-provided preparation samples ( which might non stand for pure illustrations of the category / characteristic desired and which would therefore bias the consequences ) , the algorithmic grouping of pels is frequently more likely to bring forth statistically valid consequences. Consequently, many users of remotely sensed informations have switched to leting package to bring forth homogeneous groupings via unsupervised categorization techniques and so utilize the locations of developing informations to assist label the groups. The authoritative Supervised and Unsupervised Classification techniques ( every bit good as intercrossed attacks using both techniques and fuzzed categorization ) have been used for decennaries with great success on medium to lower declaration imagination ( imagination with pixel sizes of 5m or larger ) , nevertheless one of their important disadvantages is that their statistical premises by and large preclude their application to high declaration imagination. They are besides hampered by the necessity for multiple sets to increase the truth of the categorization. The tendency toward higher declaration detectors means that the figure of available sets to work with is by and large reduced. Hyperspectral Optical detectors can be broken into three basic categories: panchromatic, multispectral and hyperspectral. Multispectral detectors typically collect a few ( 3-25 ) , broad ( 100-200 nanometer ) , and perchance, noncontiguous spectral sets. Conversely, Hyperspectral detectors typically collect 100s of narrow ( 5-20 nanometer ) immediate sets. The name, hyperspectral, implies that the spectral sampling exceeds the spectral item of the mark ( i.e. , the single extremums, troughs and shoulders of the spectrum are resolvable ) . Given finite informations transmittal and/or managing capableness, an operational orbiter system must do a tradeoff between spacial and spectral declaration. This same tradeoff exists for the analyst or information processing installation. Therefore, in general, as the figure of sets additions there must be a corresponding lessening in spacial declaration. This means that most pels are assorted pels and most marks ( characteristics ) are subpixel in size. It is, hence, necessary to hold specialized algorithms which leverage the spectral declaration of the detector to clear up subpixel marks or constituents. Hyperspectral categorization techniques constitute algorithms ( such as Orthogonal Subspace Projection, Constrained Energy Minimization, Spectral Correlation Mapper, Spectral Angle Mapper, etc. ) tailored to expeditiously pull out characteristics from imagination with a big dimensionality ( figure of sets ) and where the characteristic by and large does non stand for the primary component of the detectors instantaneous field of position. This is besides frequently performed by comparing to research lab derived stuff ( characteristic ) spectra as opposed to imagery-derived preparation samples, which besides necessitate a suite of pre-processing and analysis stairss tailored to hyperspectral imagination. Subpixel Classification IMAGINE Subpixel Classifiera„? is a supervised, non-parametric spectral classifier that performs subpixel sensing and quantification of a specified stuff of involvement ( MOI ) . The procedure allows you to develop material signatures and use them to sort image pels. It reports the pixel fraction occupied by the stuff of involvement and may be used for stuffs covering every bit low as 20 % of a pel. Additionally, its alone image standardization procedure allows you to use signatures developed in one scene to other scenes from the same detector. Because it addresses the assorted pel job, IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier successfully identifies a specific stuff when other stuffs are besides present in a pel. It discriminates between spectrally similar stuffs, such as single works species, specific H2O types or typical edifice stuffs. Additionally, it allows you to develop spectral signatures that are scene-to-scene movable. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier enables you to: aˆ? Classify objects smaller than the spacial declaration of the detector aˆ? Discriminate specific stuffs within assorted pels aˆ? Detect stuffs that occupy from 100 % to every bit small as 20 % of a pel aˆ? Report the fraction of material nowadays in each pel classified aˆ? Develop signatures portable from one scene to another aˆ? Normalize imagination for atmospheric effects aˆ? Search wide-area images rapidly to observe little or big characteristics mixed with other stuffs The primary difference between IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier and traditional classifiers is the manner in which it derives a signature from the preparation set and so applies it during categorization. Traditional classifiers typically form a signature by averaging the spectra of all preparation set pels for a given characteristic. The resulting signature contains the parts of all stuffs present in the preparation set pels. This signature is so matched against whole-pixel spectra found in the image informations. In contrast, IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier derives a signature for the spectral constituent that is common to the preparation set pels following background remotion. This is usually a pure spectrum of the stuff of involvement. Since stuffs can change somewhat in their spectral visual aspect, IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier accommodates this variableness within the signature. The IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier signature is hence purer for a specific stuff and can more accurately observe the MOI. During categorization, the procedure subtracts representative background spectra to happen the best fractional lucifer between the pure signature spectrum and campaigner residuary spectra. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier and traditional classifiers perform best under different conditions. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier should work better to know apart different species of flora, typical edifice stuffs or specific types of stone or dirt. You would utilize it to happen a specific stuff even when it covers less than a pel. You may prefer a traditional classifier when the MOI is composed of a spectrally varied scope of stuffs that must be included as a individual categorization unit. For illustration, a wood that contains a big figure of spectrally distinguishable stuffs ( heterogenous canopy ) and spans multiple pels in size may be classified better utilizing a minimal distance classifier. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier can congratulate a traditional classifier by placing subpixel happenings of specific species of flora within that forest. When make up ones minding to utilize IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier, callback that it identifies a individual stuff, the MOI, whereas a traditional classifier will sort many stuffs or characteristics happening with a scene. The Subpixel Classification procedure can therefore be considered a feature extraction procedure instead than a wall to palisade categorization procedure. Figure 2: Trial utilizing panels highlights the greater truth of sensing provided by a subpixel classifier over a traditional classifier, In rule, IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier can be used to map any stuff that has a distinguishable spectral signature relation to other stuffs in a scene. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier has been most exhaustively evaluated for flora categorization applications in forestry, agribusiness and wetland stock list, every bit good as for semisynthetic objects, such as building stuffs. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier has besides been used in specifying roads and waterways. Classification truth depends on many factors. Some of the most of import are: 1 ) Number of spectral sets in the imagination. Discrimination capableness additions with the figure of sets. Smaller pixel fractions can be detected with more sets. The 20 % threshold used by the package is based on 6-band informations. 2 ) Target/background contrast. 3 ) Signature quality. Ground truth information helps in developing and measuring signature quality. 4 ) Image quality, including band-to-band enrollment, standardization and resampling ( nearest neighbor preferred ) . Two undertakings affecting subpixel categorization of wetland tree species ( Cypress and Tupelo ) and of an invasive wood tree species ( Loblolly Pine ) included extended field look intoing for categorization polish and truth appraisal. The categorization truth for these stuffs was 85-95 % . Categorization of pels outside the preparation set country was greatly improved by IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier in comparing to traditional classifiers. In a separate quantitative rating survey designed to measure the truth of IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier, 100s of semisynthetic panels of assorted known sizes were deployed and imaged. The approximative sum of panel in each pel was measured. When compared to the Material Pixel Fraction ( the sum of stuff in each pel ) reported by IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier, a high correlativity was measured. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier outperformed a maximal likeliness classifier in observing these panels. It detected 190 % more of the pels incorporating panels, with a lower mistake rate, and reported the sum of panel in each pel classified. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier works on any multispectral informations beginning, including airborne or satellite, with three or more spatially registered sets. The information must be in either 8-bit or 16-bit format. Landsat Thematic Mapper ( TM ) , SPOT XS and IKONOS multispectral imagination have been most widely used because of informations handiness. It will besides work with informations from other high declaration commercial detectors such as Quickbird, FORMOSAT-2, airborne beginnings and OrbView-3. IMAGINE Subpixel Classifier will besides work with most hyperspectral informations beginnings. Expert Knowledge-Based Classification One of the major disadvantages to most of the techniques discussed supra is that they are all per-pixel classifiers. Each pel is treated in isolation when utilizing the technique to find which characteristic or category to delegate it to there is no proviso to utilize extra cues such as context, form and propinquity, cues which the human ocular reading system takes for granted when construing what it sees. One of the first commercially available efforts to get the better of these restrictions was the IMAGINE Expert Classifier. The adept categorization package provides a rules-based attack to multispectral image categorization, post-classification polish and GIS mold. In kernel, an adept categorization system is a hierarchy of regulations, or a determination tree that describes the conditions for when a set of low degree component information gets abstracted into a set of high degree informational categories. The constitutional information consists of user-defined variables and includes raster imagination, vector beds, spacial theoretical accounts, external plans and simple scalars. A regulation is a conditional statement, or list of conditional statements, about the variable s informations values and/or attributes that find an informational constituent or hypotheses. Multiple regulations and hypotheses can be linked together into a hierarchy that finally describes a concluding set of mark informational categories or terminal hypotheses. Assurance values associated with each status are besides combined to supply a assurance image matching to the concluding end product classified image. While the Expert Classification attack does enable accessory informations beds to be taken into consideration, it is still non genuinely an object based agencies of image categorization ( regulations are still evaluated on a pel by pixel footing ) . Additionally, it is highly user-intensive to construct the theoretical accounts an expert is required in the morphology of the characteristics to be extracted, which besides so necessitate to be turned into graphical theoretical accounts and plans that feed complex regulations, all of which need constructing up from the constituents available. Even one time a cognition base has been constructed it may non be easy movable to other images ( different locations, day of the months, etc ) . Image Cleavage Cleavage means the grouping of neighbouring pels into parts ( or sections ) based on similarity standards ( digital figure, texture ) . Image objects in remotely sensed imagination are frequently homogeneous and can be delineated by cleavage. Therefore, the figure of elements, as a footing for a undermentioned image categorization, is tremendously reduced if the image is foremost segmented. The quality of subsequent categorization is straight affected by cleavage quality. Ultimately, Image Segmentation is besides another signifier of unsupervised image categorization, or characteristic extraction. However, it has several advantages over the authoritative multispectral image categorization techniques, the cardinal differentiators being the ability to use it to panchromatic informations and besides to high declaration informations. However, Image Segmentation is besides similar to the unsupervised attack of image categorization in that it is an machine-controlled segregation of the ima ge into groups of pels with like features without any effort to delegate category names or labels to the groups. It suffers from an extra drawback in that there is by and large no effort made at the point of bring forthing the cleavage to utilize the section features to place similar sections. With Unsupervised Classification you may hold widely separated, distinguishable groups of pels, but their statistical similarity means they are assigned to the same category ( even though you do non yet cognize what characteristic type that category is ) , whereas with Image Segmentation, each section is merely uniquely identified. Statistical steps can normally be recorded per section to assist with station processing. Consequently, in order to label the sections with a characteristic type / land screen, the technique must be combined with some other signifier of categorization, such as Expert Knowledge-Based Classification or as portion of the Feature Extraction work flow provided by IMAGINE Objective. OBJECT-BASED FEATURE EXTRACTION AND CLASSIFICATION Globally, GIS sections and mapping establishments invest considerable gross into making and, possibly more significantly, keeping their geospatial databases. As the Earth is invariably altering, even the most precise base function must be updated or replaced on a regular basis. Traditionally, the gaining control and update of geospatial information has been done through labour and cost intensive manual digitisation ( for illustration from aerial exposure ) and post-production surveying. Since so, assorted efforts have been made to assist automatize these work flows by analysing remotely sensed imagination. Remotely perceived imagination, whether airborne or orbiter based, provides a rich beginning of timely information if it can be easilly exploited into functional information. These efforts at mechanization have frequently resulted in limited success, particularly as the declaration of imagination and the intended function graduated table additions. With recent inventions in geospat ial engineering, we are now at a topographic point where work flows can be successfully automated. Figure 4: The basic construction of a characteristic theoretical account demoing the additive mode in which the information is analyzed. Operators are designed as plugins so that more can be easy added as required for specific characteristic extraction scenarios. When Landsat was launched more than 30 old ages ago, it was heralded as a new age for automatizing function of the Earth. However, the imagination, and hence the geospatial informations dervied from it, was of comparatively harsh resoution, and thereby became limited to smaller graduated table function applications. Its analysis was besides restricted to remote feeling experts. Equally, the traditional supervised and unsupervised categorization techniques developed to pull out information from these types of imagination were limited to coarser declarations. Today s beginnings for higher declaration imagination ( primarilly intending 1m or smaller pel sizes, such as that produced by the IKONOS, QuickBird, and WorldView satelittes or by airborne detectors ) do non endure from the assorted pel phenomenon seen with lower declaration imagination, and, hence the statistical premises which must be met for the traditional supervised and unsupervised categorization techniques do non keep. Therefore, more advanced techniques are required to analyse the high declaration imagination required to make and keep big graduated table function and geospatial databases. The best techniques for turn toing this job analyze the imagination on an object, as opposed to pixel, footing. IMAGINE Objective provides object based multi-scale image categorization and characteristic extraction capablenesss to reliably physique and maintain accurate geospatial content. With IMAGINE Objective, imagination and geospatial informations of all sorts can be analyzed to bring forth GIS-ready function. IMAGINE Objective includes an advanced set of tools for characteristic extraction, update and change sensing, enabling geospatial informations beds to be created and maintained through the usage of remotely sensed imagination. This engineering crosses the boundary of traditional image processing with computing machine vision through the usage of pixel degree and true object processing, finally emulating the human ocular system of image reading. Providing to both experts and novitiates likewise, IMAGINE Objective contains a broad assortment of powerful tools. For distant detection and sphere experts, IMAGINE Objective includes a desktop authoring system for edifice and put to deathing characteristic particular ( edifices, roads, etc ) and/or landcover ( e.g. , flora type ) processing methodological analysiss. Other users may set and use bing illustrations of such methodological analysiss to their ain informations. The user interface enables the expert to put up feature theoretical accounts required to pull out specific characteristic types from specific types of imagination. For illustration, route center lines from 60cm Color-Infrared ( CIR ) orbiter imagination require a specific characteristic theoretical account based around different image-based cues. Constructing footmarks from six inch true colour aerial picture taking and LIDAR surface theoretical accounts require a different characteristic theoretical account. For those familiar with bing ERDAS IMAGINEAÂ ® capablenesss, an analogy can be drawn with Model Maker, with its ability to enable experient users to diagrammatically construct their ain spacial theoretical accounts utilizing the crude edifice blocks provided in the interface. The less experient user can merely utilize constitutional illustration Feature Models or those built by experts, using them as-is or modifying through the user interface. While similar to the IMAGINE Expert Classifier attack, the building and usage of characteristic theoretical accounts within IMAGINE Objective is simpler and more powerful. Constructing a characteristic theoretical account is more additive and intuitive to the expert constructing the theoretical account. In add-on, the support for supervised preparation and evidentiary acquisition of the classifier itself means that the characteristic theoretical accounts are more movable to other images one time built.

Taxation Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Taxation Law - Essay Example It also works with appropriate departments on policy matters relating to tax and excise. The ATO has the responsibility for administering a range of tax and superannuation legislation is vested by Parliament in the Commissioner of Taxation. The Commissioner's authority to administer each levy is written into the law relating to that levy, as are his general responsibilities, discretionary powers and rights (The Commissioner of Taxation, (n.d.), accessed 25.10.05). In Australia, the Tax Office generally asks the taxpayers to co-operate with it voluntarily and to disclose full information completely and honestly. But Additionally, it has specific information- gathering powers for some taxpayers who should insist that the Tax Office exercise those powers, even where there is no suggestion of tax avoidance - in particular a professional should not voluntarily disclose confidential information to the Tax Office but insist upon its exercise of these powers. To avoid tax evasions, the Tax Office has right of full and free access to all buildings, books and documents for the purpose of the Income Tax Assessment Act, and is allowed to require any person to give it such information, as it requires or to attend and give evidence before it. The Act also states that the occupier of a building or place entered or proposed to be entered by the Tax Office shall provide the Tax Office with all reasonable facilities and assistance for the exercise of its powers. Once an audit commences the taxpayer may want to know how to interact. Just because it is necessary to assist the Tax Office doesn't mean one is subservient to it. How much information should be provided, or withheld because it is protected may be issues, particularly if the matter may end in court. At conclusion of the audit the taxpayer may undertake a Freedom of Information Act search to find out just what the Tax Office thinks of it. Many taxpayers will find that they have underpaid primary tax and, as a result, apart from having to pay that tax, will be subject to penalties. Their solicitor can document payment arrangements with the tax Office and perhaps prepare mortgages and other charges to secure such payments (Rockliffs Solicitors & Barristers, accessed 25.10.05). The Australian Tax Office is responsible to ensure that that nobody steals public money through tax fraud and for this purpose, it has auditors to carry out the investigations but it does not have powers to take tax criminals to the courts. Once it detects a fraud, then it refers the matter to the Federal Police. The Taxation Bill 2002 provides the Australian Tax Office with a broad range of powers to obtain comprehensive information on the administration of the tax laws. The Inspector-General of Australian Tax Office is able to invite submissions from the public or from particular groups of taxpayers or tax professionals, and may receive submissions in confidence. The Inspector-General is also able to hold meetings with taxpayers, tax professionals or their representatives. The Bill also endows the Inspector-General with investigative powers, including the power to compel disclosure of documents and examine witnesses so that the Inspector-Gen

Effects Of Increased Wait-Time On The Quantity Of Attempted Responses Essay

Effects Of Increased Wait-Time On The Quantity Of Attempted Responses And Correct Responses From Elementary ELL Students To Questions In A Classroom - Essay Example It gives the educator, as a scholarly practitioner, the opportunity to examine relevant issues in his or her own classroom or school which may complicate, compromise, or complement the learning process—and to find meaningful, practical, research-based answers. In Action Research, teachers are empowered to design a research-based plan, identify learning issues or problems, review relevant literature that examines identified problems, implement specific, research-based strategies, and discover convincing evidence that supports or contravenes their teaching strategies. The most exciting part of Action Research is the teacher can often observe student improvement during the project and can demonstrate, in a quantitative manner, the improvement of student learning. Sagor notes, â€Å"Seeing students grow is probably the greatest joy educators can experience† (2002, p. 5).... I chose this research topic because I became quite interested in the positive effects of â€Å"wait time† when the concept was first introduced early in this program. Through self-examination of my own teaching behavior and practices, I came to realize that I was not allowing sufficient time for all students to answer questions. I began to wait longer for answers and I noticed a definite improvement in the number and in the quality of answers provided by my students. I extended my "wait -time" in all areas of my classroom, talking circle, small group projects, full class lectures. I notice improvements in the number of answers, participation, and the engagement levels of my students. "Wait time" is one of several tools and techniques learned in this course that I am in the process of implementing in my effort to create a more inclusive and equitable classroom-learning situation. I endeavor to continuously develop as a teacher and I am committed to improving in a manner that in sures each student in my classroom learns and develops to their full potential. I have concluded that implementing "wait time" into my teaching behavior is an important aspect of this development. RESEARCH QUESTION: What are the effects of increased wait-time on the number of attempted responses and the number of correct responses from elementary ESL/ELL students? DEMOGRAPHICS DEMOGRAPHIC DATA: Where / What is the research site? Who is directly involved? How will statistics be acquired to give a clear understanding of the context and culture of the research site? (Do not use name as an identifier.) Provide references for sources used. The research site is ‘Iowa after-school program’ learning center where

Online Network Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Online Network Marketing - Essay Example In other words, it is an online community of sellers and buyers. By the year 2006, slightly more than a billion people were able to access internet throughout the world. This is the results of a survey conducted by Internet World Stats in that year (Nichols: 2007). What this means is that there is a potential market online of a billion people. This is a large pool of people who can buy or sell a product or service. It is not surprising then why there is an increase in the number of people who are establishing online network marketing businesses. The services and goods marketed online include education, consumer goods like drugs, and vehicles amongst others. This article is going to look critically at the online technologies that are used to build online network marketing. This network marketing is geared towards building online communities and promoting goods and services online. The broad objective of this study is to critically analyze of online network marketing for community building and business promotion. To this end, the study will be guided by several specific objectives: As indicated earlier, more than a billion people around the world were already online by the year 2006 (Nichols: 2007). This number has continued to grow over the years, and it will not be far fetched right now to say that internet usage will hit the two billion mark by the end of 2010 (Foucault: 2009). This translates to a market of two billion people out there. People access the internet for several purposes; there are those who use it for communication, as a form of social media. These are the ones who use emails and social networks like Facebook and Twitter (Wilson: 2009). When selling or promoting products and services online, most people first recruits sales representatives and agents online (Bashir: 2009). The advantage of online networking is that the sales representatives can be recruited from anywhere in the world, unlike the traditional offline networking where they have to come from a certain geographical location. These agents are then encouraged to recruit others. The commission accrued by these agents reduces as one goes down the ladder, with the owner of the organization getting the lion's share. These agents are the ones who are in charge of selling the particular service or product that the company deals with. They recruit a consumer base, still online. The agents and the producer forms what is called a virtual organization (Irwin: 2007). The consumers, together with the virtual organization, forms the online community that is brought together by the particular good or service that is been sold. In order to create this community, promotion is needed. The producer creates his presence on the internet. This he can do by creating his own website domain. He then goes ahead and recruits the agents, who access his domain for details. These agents then use several means to recruit consumers. They may advertise their services and products on other sites related to their line of business. When the

Regional Integration Essay Example for Free

Regional Integration Essay The Pacific Forum region seeks a region of peace, harmony security, and economic prosperity. The diversity of its peoples seek value, honor in their cultures. The Pacific Region’s objectives include obtaining respect for its governance, sustainable management of its resources and its democratic values. The partnerships with their neighbors, to improve communications and secure a sustainable economy for all are the primary objectives for its members. Established in Bangkok, Thailand on August 8, 1967 the Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN) was founded by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. ASEAN is now comprised of 10 members including Brunei, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam (ASEAN, 2013). An important and landmark agreement that ASEAN entered into was the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well. The region in which the ASEAN- China Free Trade Agreement will reach is about 1. 9 billion people. This agreement will surely test not only the members of ASEAN, but China as well (ASEAN, 2013). Positive Influence of the Asean-China Free Trade Agreement January 10, 2010 marked a ten year negotiation with China, when the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area Agreement became effective. Tariff reductions between China and six ASEAN members Malaysia, Brunei, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore and Thailand, will experience more than a 90 percent of products with a drop to near zero in both parties’ tariffs. The agreement was established with the idea that ASEAN countries’ natural resources and China’s large market would both benefit (Shamsi, 2010). Countries like Cambodia and Laos will benefit from the ASEAN-China agreement with zero tariffs on over 7000 goods from China, which will benefit these under developed countries tremendously. Less developed countries especially those with no stock market system will welcome this agreement and benefit greatly (Shamsi, 2010). The ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is China’s first free trade agreement and the first negotiated agreement ASEAN has been involved in with another country. The importance of this agreement will be seen when ASEAN nations being to use China’s currency Yuan. This can drive China’s Yuan to become a major global trading currency. This agreement is important in the movement for the regional economic environment (Shamsi, 2010). Negative Impact of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement The economic head of ASEAN is Indonesia. The idea of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement is not beneficial to ASEAN countries and should be re-considered. Indonesia has pointed out that the economy of China has recently increased and become powerful in global terms. The exemption from custom duties for Chinese goods ill challenges the local business survival with an influx of less expensive Chinese goods (Shamsi, 2010). Bankruptcy is a real possibility for industrial areas in the small and medium sized zones according to the chairman of the Indonesian Young Entrepreneurs Association. The automotive industry in Malaysia is also wary of this agreement in that the impact on local auto industries could be hit hard. The view from many ASEAN members is that the agreement much more benefits China than the ASEAN countries. China in size alone has a large market for domestic consumption and ability to export on a grander scale than that of ASEAN countries (Shamsi, 2010). The overall feelings in most ASEAN countries are that of mixes feelings, but mostly worry concerning the agreement. The population of China with 1. 3 billion people compared to the 600 million combined of ASEAN region is notable differences in terms of markets. The concept that took ten years to come to light, seems that with the changes seen in the economy of China, that the agreement still has the same fruitful benefits initially anticipated (Shamsi, 2010).

Oconto, WI vs. Las Vegas, NV :: essays research papers

Oconto, WI vs. Las Vegas, NV   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I currently live in Oconto, WI, but would love to go to Las Vegas, NV. Therefore, I am going to compare these two very different cities in terms of economics. There is great variation in the comparison between Oconto, WI and Las Vegas, NV. Oconto is located in Oconto County and Las Vegas is located in Clark County. Las Vegas has an elevation of 2000 feet, while Oconto is only 591 feet. Oconto has a land area of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  6.9 square miles, compared to Las Vegas with 113.3 square miles. Also Oconto has only one zip code, but Las Vegas has 36. The population of Oconto, Wisconsin was estimated at 4,751 in July of 2002. Compare this to the estimated population in July 2002 for Las Vegas at 508,604 people. Males made up 48.0% of Oconto’s population at 2,259 and females made up the other 52.0% at 2,449. However, males made up 50.8% of the population in Las Vegas at 243,077 and females made up the remaining 49.2% at 235,357 people. The median resident age for Oconto is 36.9 years. This is fairly close to that of Las Vegas at 34.5 years. Oconto had a median household income of $34,589 in 2000. Again Las Vegas had a fairly close number of $44,069 which was also in 2000. A big difference comes in the median house value between the two cities. Oconto has a value of $69,800 which was in 2000. However, Las Vegas had a value of $137,300 in 2000. The race breakdown between the two cities is also very different. The majority of Oconto is made up of the White Non-Hispanic race at 97.3% of the population. Following are the minorities in Oconto of American Indian at 1.2%, two or more races at 0.9% and Hispanic at 0.8%. By looking at this data it is easy to see that Oconto is not a very culturally diverse town. The majority of Las Vegas is also made up of White Non-Hispanic people at 58.0%. This is considerably lower than Oconto and Las Vegas is made up of many more races than Oconto. Following are the minorities in Las Vegas of Hispanic at 23.6%, Black at 10.4%, other races at 9.7%, two or more races at 4.1%, Filipino at 2.3%, American Indian at 1.5%, Chinese at 0.6%, Other Asian at 0.6%, and Japanese at 0.

Domestic Violence Against Women in Canada Essay -- Violence Against Wom

Introduction Intimate partner violence has been a significant issue for centuries in all countries. "Since 1974, nearly 2,600 spousal homicides have been recorded in Canada" (Bunge, 2002). Of these homicides, more than three-quarters have been against women. Although through feminism and the women's liberation movement, there has been a slight improvement in the incidences of violence against women, there has also been a drastic change in the perception of the issue by society. After reviewing the most recent literature on violence against women and victimization through intimate partners, it has become prevalent that there are now two crucial stances that are taken. The first position is that of the women being victimized as the main issue, including prevention, causes and incidences. The second position is that of women becoming more 'aggressive' and the issue of violence against both men and women. "Wife battering- the original problem constituted by the 1970s feminists- has morphed in to 'domestic violence' and then into 'husband abuse'" (Minaker, 2006). This literature review will examine the background information on intimate partner violence including different arguments and perspectives, theories, and methodologies as well as discuss the major findings and future directions of research. Background Discoveries and Key Concepts The most notable discovery or key concept behind intimate partner violence with women as victims, would be that the overall rates have seen a general decrease. As found in the National Trends in Intimate Partner Homicide report, "Spousal homicide rates for both women and men have declined between 1974 and 2000" (Bunge, 2002). Many of the authors discussed present different perspecti... ...nd incidence of such violence, there still seems to be gaps amongst the research that creates links to other aspects of IPV. By providing a further analysis of how women go from being the victim to the offender, it may create a more realistic understanding of why the recent intimate partner homicide/violence rates for women offenders has increased. Perhaps society needs to not see females as become more serious 'aggressors' and 'bad girls' but rather as women who are finally fighting back. By relating the social learning theory, the self defense theory as well as the male proprietariness theory to intimate partner violence it creates a more thorough understanding of the causes and affects of this form of violence. Conceivably, future directions of research on intimate partner violence should investigate the reasoning behind this new 'husband abuse' phenomenon.

How Human Activities Negatively Affect the Ecosystem Essay

In various ecosystems, negative changes have been seen as consequences of human activities. Specifically, these various activities of people have been observed to contribute directly and indirectly to the negative changes and implications in one of the major ecosystems, the marine ecosystem. This paper suggests that many of the human activities employed in the environment, specifically the marine ecosystem, yield multiplicative detrimental effects. It is said that humans have a high influence over ecosystems, and the various activities they make alter the environment’s conditions (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2003). According to Hylland (2002), there are many different perspectives that could affirm the impact of human activities towards nature. However, in purely simplistic illustrations, human activities that involve physical disturbance, release of harmful chemicals, and other destructive forms cause serious effects such as a reduced biodiversity. Physical disturbances such as trawling, large scale fishing, or coastal construction prevent fish and other marine species from staying in their original habitat. This means that these marine fauna are displaced from their habitat which may have been destroyed or changed beyond recovery by drastic fishing activities made by man. Similarly, the marine ecosystem may not only be lessened because of the displaced marine organisms, but it is also possible that an eventual decrease in the population level of these organisms may happen. This could trigger to a relatively damaging human activity wherein humans will aim for the fish nearer the coastal areas. Under many legislation proceedings, fishing near the coastal areas is prohibited because the act will strip the number of fish and other marine species into a minimal number. Over-fishing could as well cause the decrease in the biodiversity of marine animals (Hylland, 2002). The use of chemicals in fishing could also destroy not only the marine species but also their habitat and where eventually, humans will also be affected. This is a chain-like series of events that could lead into a negative effect, destruction even, among marine biological ecosystems. Cyanide and other dynamite fishing are often used by fishermen as an easier method of fishing that kill even the smaller fish. If these methods continue, the marine species will no longer be sustained. The chemical by products from these methods also destroy their natural ecosystem by contaminating changes that are harmful to the lives of these species. Similarly, there are instances where pollutants and toxic materials from pesticides go as water run-off from residential and agricultural areas toward the seas and other water forms, thereby contaminating the seas and the living organisms in it with the toxic substances (Hylland, 2002). Another major implication that is currently of relevance is the aftereffect of negative human activities that characterize an indirect implication: climate change. Because of the ensuing pollution, forest denudation and other factors, climate change and global warming have been relatively causing damage. These have negative effects as well on the marine ecosystems as the seas are heating up, thereby changing the distribution of species (Hylland, 2002). Conclusively, it must be noted that many various human endeavors have multiplicative detrimental effects to many ecosystems, specifically the marine ecosystem. As mentioned, the negative effects do not only encompass the destruction of the marine ecosystems but also the biodiversity of the marine species. When the habitats are destroyed, the number of marine organisms decreases, therefore catapulting to unsustainability in the ecological balance. This goes to show that every human activity that has negative impacts will be felt multiplicatively through direct and indirect measures. References Hylland, K. (2002, February). How [Do] Human Activities Affect Marine Biodiversity And Ecosystem Processes? Paper presented at the The EC IMPACTS Cluster First Workshop. Universite de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, Pau cedex, France. Retrieved April 2, 2009 from http://web. univ-pau. fr/impacts/Theme2part1. pdf. Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. (2003). Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. Washington DC: Island Press.